Trips to Peru: The Incas: the greater empire of America - Peru - Andean Experience

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	Sacsayhuaman - Cuzco		Trips to Peru
	Sacsayhuaman - Cuzco		TRIPS TO PERU: THE INCAS



	TRIPS TO PERU: THE INCAS The Incas were the leaders of the greater empire of America. At the end of century XIV, the empire began its expansion and it was extinguished with the arrival of the Spaniards to the control of Francisco Pizarro, in 1532. At the time of his surrender, he had a considered population of 12 million inhabitants, which would today represent all Peru, Ecuador and great part of Chile, Bolivia and Argentina. When the nation Inca arrived at which would be the city of Cuzco, they found it inhabited by other towns, the Antasayas, Ayacuchus, Poques and Lares. The Incas were emigrants who by the end of century XII fled from Taipicala (Tiahuanaco) in search of refuge, because its land of origin had been assaulted and invaded by swelling human coming from the south (Tucuman and Coquimbo), These invaders were the Aymaras calls. The image of Able Manco, the first sovereign, summarizes the long history of the nation Inca to consolidate in its new territory. The official chronology slogan a list of 12 governors, until in 1532, with the Spanish invasion it is broken with the dynasty. The Incas called to their Tawantinsuyu territory, which in Quechua, the language Inca, means the Four Parts. With great diversity of lands and climates, he included one long desert band in the coast, difficult by rich irrigated valleys; the high summits and the deep fertile valleys of the $andes; and the mountainous summits of the tropical forest to the East. The word Inca designates to the own leader, as well as to the town of the valley of Cuzco, the capital of the empire. Sometimes it is used to designate to all the towns including in the Tawantinsuyu, but this is not correct. The majority of the tens of small kingdoms maintained their identity, even though they were bound politically and economically to the Incas. The Quechua was the language official and spoken in the majority of the communities until the arrival of the Spaniards, but at least 20 local dialects subsisted in several parts of the empire. The millenarian culture of Peru is fruit of deep empirical knowledge and one long and meticulous observation. The merit of the Incas was to have used and to have applied old knowledge, customs and profits of the Andean man of centuries back and to have given them an suitable use to satisfy the needs with the expanded State. It is surprising how Inca in a territory was applied to the organizational system that included good part of the South American continent facing the Pacific Ocean. All this was carried out without counting on the writing, so the transmission of the applied technology had to be oral and practical. The State Inca based its socioeconomic gear on the symmetrical and asymmetric reciprocity, the redistribution of the resources and the exchange, this last excellent characteristic between the coastal ethnic groups. The Incas highly developed a functional style of public architecture that was distinguished mainly by its technical outposts of engineering and fine work of the stone. The plane of its cities was based on a system of main avenues crossed by streets smaller than they converged in an open place surrounded by municipal buildings and temples. The structures were of a single floor, with perfect assembled of stones carved; also bricks of adobe and straw in the coastal regions were used. For the construction of great monuments such as the great strength of Sacsayhuamán near Cuzco, polygonal massive blocks were assembled to each other with extraordinary precision. In the mountainous regions, like the spectacular located Andean citadel in the Machu Picchu, the architecture Inca often reflects some ingenious adaptations of the natural relief. The religion of the state was based on the adoration of the Sun. The emperors Incas were considered as of the God Sun descending and were adored like divinities. The gold, symbol of the God Sun, was very operated for the use of leaders and members of the elite, not like currency of interchange, but mainly in decorative and ritual objects. The religion dominated all the political structure. From the Temple of the Sun in center of Cuzco, imaginary lines in the direction of the cult places of the different social classes from the city could be drawn up. The religious practices consisted of religious consultations of oracles, sacrifices like offering, critical moments and public confessions. The annual cycle of religious celebrations as well as the agricultural year were regulated by the calendar Inca, extremely precise. This aspect, among others, approaches the culture Inca some cultures of the rock-America such as the Aztecs and the Mayans.

PERU

  Arequipa
  Ausangate
  Ayacucho
  Cajamarca
  Way Inca
  Tube of Cotahuasi
  Gun of the Colca
  White mountain range
  Huayhuash mountain range
  Cuzco
  Chan Chan
  Chilclayo and Mr. of Sipán
  Choquequirao
  Huascarán (National P.)
  Ica
  Incas
  Iquitos
  Islands Crossbows
  Kuelap
  Lima
  Lines of Are born
  Machu Picchu
  National park of the Manu
  Port Maldonado
  Fist and Titicaca Lake
  Trujillo
  Sacred valley

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TRIPS TO PERU: THE INCAS