Trips to Ouro Preto - Brazil - Andean Experience

Andean experience - Trips to South America

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	Ouro Preto		Trips to Brazil
	Ouro Preto		TRIPS TO BRAZIL: OURO PRETO



	TRIPS TO BRAZIL: OURO PRETO Geographic location: One is in the State of Minas Gerais Distance of Belo Horizonte: 93 km The city of Ouro Preto constitutes one of the most homogenous and complete sets of baroque art of the world. It was founded on 1.711 and it got to have 110,000 inhabitants when Rio de Janeiro had only 20.000. Now it has 60,000 and, exaggerating, it would be possible to be said that a church for each, because to the enormous list of churches barrocas, is necessary to add many oratorical chapels and. Ouro Preto, in Spanish Black Gold, is called thus because that one was the color of the golden metal they discovered when it in the Tripui river; it was covered of a palladium layer and was famous by his special quality. Immediately, thousands of people left their commerce in Bay; the cane plantations in Pernambuco, or the young of cattle in São River Francisco, to go behind so coveted gold. They also came from Rio de Janeiro and the South coast. Whole villages of the north of Portugal crossed the Atlantic, in search of “Gilded” finally the shortage in the heart of Brazil. All that people would go to face the paulistas, pioneers in the conquest of the territory. Several conflicts, like War of Emboabas (name that the paulistas gave the Portuguese strangers and Brazilian of other regions who entered the region of the mines), marked the first times of Minas Gerais. The strategic location of Ouro Preto favored the exacerbación of those fights in its suburbs. Capital of the province during the Empire, with the Republic (1889) Ouro Preto became the State Capital of Minas Gerais. Then, the desire of change, stimulated by the new regime, caused that the miners constructed the city of Belo Horizonte to be soothes of the government of the State. Ouro Preto could thus be preserved like city monument, title that received from president Getúlio Vargas in 1933. In 1938, the city was declared Historical Patrimony and Artistic National. 1980, one became the first Brazilian cultural good enrolled in the list of the Patrimony of the Humanity, established by UNESCO. During century XVIII, the abundance of gold, easily found at heart of the rivers and streams of the region, produced the embellishment of the city designed on hills of two colossal mountains. Great artists, like the Portuguese sculptor Francisco Xavier de Brito, participated in this intense activity. The architect and teacher Manuel carpenter Francisco Lisbon, important work author in Rich Vila, had a son with his African slave, Antônio Francisco Lisbon, nicknamed the Aleijadinho (the Deformadillo, 1738-1814), due to the disease that deformed the members to him, at the end of his life. Aleijadinho is the greater Brazilian artist of the colonial period and bequeathed to the country a matchless inheritance by the genius of its dimensions. Ouro Preto must to the architectonic and artistic splendor of the Church of São Francisco to him de Assis, between many outstanding works of the urban scene and the ornamentation of the temples. Constructed between 1765 and 1810, this church is a prime work that unites the genius of Aleijadinho and the one of Manuel painter it gives Athayde Coast, another great teacher of baroque mineiro (of Minas Gerais). In century XVIII, the religious orders multiplied the constructions in Ouro Preto, and each tried to do of its richest and pretty church of the city. Inside the churches there are true treasures hidden in altars carved in gold. They used “pedra-sabão”, local raw material, to replace the European marble, finding original solutions for the decoration of each one of the churches. Behind the simple facades they raised twisted columns and they escupieron angels, mythological, holy beings and Biblical scenes. The churches of Our Lady of the Pillar and Our Lady of the Conception, exponents of the baroque one of the first stage (Portuguese national style and of times of Don João VV), reveal the exuberance and abundance of the stature, between average dozen of temples that narrate the saga of the creativity of the miners. In spite of constituting magnificent examples, the churches are not the unique patrimony of Ouro Preto. Stone bridges, sources and big rambling houses comprise of the historical atmosphere of the city. The House of the Opera (1770) is the oldest theater in operation of America. The House of Stories (1784), notable example of the civil architecture of century XVIII, emphasizes among the ouropretanas houses. The Palace of the Governors (1740) and the City council and the Jail (1784), today Museu gives Inconfidência (Museum of the Disloyalty), demarcate the Tiradentes Place, center of the city, dominating it with the imponencia of its forms. Painting, sculpture, music, poetry and theater are a sample of the most fertile cultural production of Ouro Preto in the century of gold. The closing of that singular expression was the conspiracy by the independence of Brazil, articulated by lawyers, priests, poets, the military and miners of Rich Vila, between 1788 and 1789, well-known one like Inconfidência Mineira. Influenced by the illustrated ideas of France and the independence of the United States, the disloyal ones of Ouro Preto dreamed about a Republic in Portuguese America and began to prepare the revolution. To the being denounced by some companions, the main leaders were catched. Joaquim lieutenant Jose gives Whistles Xavier, Tiradentes, call thus for being dentist, was hanged person in Rio de Janeiro, the 21 of April of 1792, while 12 prisoners were deportees to Africa. Aleijadinho and Tiradentes are two great personalities of Ouro Preto, doing of this city source of the first Brazilian art and main reference in the construction of the country. The Federal University of Ouro Preto, created in 1969 from two traditional schools, the one of Pharmacy (1839) and the one of Engineering of Mines (1876), is reflected of the vocation of the city like center of education, science, technology, art and culture. The cultural tourism, on the other hand, is the socioeconomic answer to the arduous tasks of preservation of the old capital of Minas Gerais. UNESCO named Patrimony Cultural of the Humanity in 1.981. In Ouro Preto there is no a single level street, and the hills are debilitating to raise and dangerous to lower, since they are construídas with paving stones or placed stones vertically to restrain the erosion of the water. It is to 1,000 meters of altitude and therefore its climate is quite cold in winter.

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TRIPS TO BRAZIL: OURO PRETO

TRIPS TO BRAZIL:
OURO PRETO