Quito is to 2,850 ms on the level of the sea, in the heart of the $andes, on the feet of Pichincha volcano and to borders of the Machángara river, affluent of the Guayllabamba. It is located few kilometers to the south of the equatorial line; nevertheless, due to his altitude it enjoys climate temperate with an annual average temperature of 14ºC. Quito has been the center of the political and cultural changes from the time of shyris to the present time. In addition, to her people of all the country and the foreigner have flown.
Until the beginning of century XX, Quito was a small and pacific town, where the advances of modernity entered slowly, on the back of mule. Symbol and form of the Liberal Revolution, the railroad that arrived in 1908 accelerated the modernization. In the following decades, to the poor immigrants of the interior who came in search of work, to landowners and landowners definitively added themselves which they left the field to install to the family in the capital, although maintaining the umbilical cord with their properties.
The sudden urban growth of Quito, fed by the oil boom of years 70, divided in three to the city: The Historical Center, the poor districts of the south and the modern large city that grew to the north of hurried way, without logical major nor planning. New habits, less time, rupture of the great family, passage from the mansions to apartments, of the pedestrian to the automobile and the bars claypits to the rock bars.
The name of Exempt drift of the Indians quitus, who lived in the zone prior to the incaica conquest and to those who the foundation of the city in century X is attributed. During the domination of the Incas progressed as much that it got to compete with Cuzco, the capital of the empire. In 1534 it fell shortly after in the power of the Spanish Sebastián de Benalcázar, who founded on Liribamba the town of Santiago of Quito, transferred to the location of the old city, with the name of San Francisco of Quito. It soothes of Hearing from 1563, it depended on the Virreinato of Peru and from 1718 it was united to the post of captain-general of New Granada. Independent after the victory of general Sucre on the realists in the battled Pichincha (1822), it comprised of the Great Colombia (Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Venezuela), but in 1830, the celebrated open town hall in Quito proclaimed the independence of Ecuador and the city stayed as capital of the new Republic.
ATTRACTIVE TOURIST: THE TREE-LINED AVENUE Year 1596 ran and the neighbors of the latest city of Quito wanted a relaxation place, a bordered stroll of trees like those so usual in Spain. A stroll of poplars, a Tree-lined avenue! it was the proposal of Francisco Sotomayor, authority of then. The idea woke up great enthusiasm, but the company was more arduous than the inhabitants of Quito of rising century XVII they imagined. Almost 200 years happened (1786) until the dream of the Tree-lined avenue took shape in the North end of the city. Since then, several projects have bloomed there: a botanical garden of 1870; the first of Churo, 1873 construction and Astronomical observatory Ecuador of one of the older panoramic viewpoints of the city of the Tree-lined avenue.
Like all great company related to Quito, to raise the observatory was a feat, because its Equatorial Telescope Mertz (an apparatus that weighs hundreds of kilos) arrived in parts and on the back of mule from the Ecuadorian port of Guayaquil. This telescope of 1875 is still the most important piece of the observatory and continues escudriñando skies. In the cleared nights, the visitors can use him to show themselves to the firmament from Quito, one of the best sites of astronomical observation of the world. Leaving back the Observatory in center of the Tree-lined avenue and always in South direction, the traveller will arrive at the feet of the Monument of Bolivar. There it was the arc from entrance to the Park of the Tree-lined avenue in centuries XIX and beginnings of the XX. From this end of the park, two sites very characteristic of the city can be observed: to the left the place and church of San Blas and to the right the Basilica of National Voto. San Blas was a parish assigned to the Indians when the conquerors drew up Quito.
In centuries XVI and XVII, it was an important market by his location when coming out of the city. There inhabitants of the old indigenous señoríos of the zone to the north of the city congregated themselves that brought - since they made before the conquest tropical fruits like the avocado, the cherimoya or the soursop.
CONVENT OF SANTO DOMINGO The severe geography of Quito is expressed in a concave place in Santo Domingo. There, the tower of the clock gave the welcome to the travellers who arrived at Quito by the south in past centuries. Along with San Francisco and the Great Place, the place of Santo Domingo is another important public scene of the city. In 1990, for example, the indigenous rise culminated its impressive march by the country with the symbolic taking of the church, a political fact of enormous importance for Ecuador. Already in the festive plane, Santo Domingo is where every December is made pregón of celebrations of the city, with thousands of people enjoying music and art to celebrate to Quito. In the South corner of the place it is the church like a challenge for the good observer to be full of charming details: of the ceilings to the altarpieces, the painting mural to the gold bread, of the Mudejar scenery to linen cloths… And as it shows of the meticulous work that locks up east temple, the work of restoration carried out by the Bottom of Rescue of the city (FONSAL) disassembled eleven thousand pieces that compose the caissoned ceiling (or inner decoration) of the ceiling of the central ship, and so the category was ratified of which this it is the greatest and complete caissoned ceiling of Latin America.
This colorful temple contains tracks of the artistic work of several centuries, because the Dominican ones were the third community of friars in arriving at Quito, century XVI and was remodelada in the XIX by management of Dominican Italian. The most outstanding space of the temple is the exquisite Chapel of the Rosary, a sample barroca in red and gold constructed in century XVIII on the arc that it gives to the outside of the temple and recovered does few years. Also recently one completed the restoration of the Chapels of the Santísimo and the Chapel of the Confession, to the right of the greater altar.
Inside the convent of Santo Domingo, the Museum of Colonial Art Fray Pedro Bedón exhibits valuable pieces of the Quito School, one of the most important artistic currents of America during the Colony. Fray Pedro Bedón was a Dominican monk with artistic vocation that lived in Quito in the century XVI and that the Brotherhood of the Virgin of the Rosary, a citizen group responsible for the creation of many of the spaces organized and pieces of the Santo Domingo set.
THE CONVENT OF THE HIGH CARMEN In century XVII, this convent was a family home where Mariana grew Walls, a pious Quito woman who even dedicated her life to the oration and the sacrifice, arriving to inflingir corporal punishments to consecrate her soul and its body to God. This woman who soon would be canonized like Santa Mariana de Jesus, first santa of Quito, predicted that its house would be home of the order of Carmelite the Barefoot ones, prediction that became reality. The convent of the High Carmen is a closing convent where the nuns look for to emulate the withdrawal life and devotion of Santa Marianita and is related to the world exclusively through a revolving winch where natural products like traditional candies are sold, came to consecrate, wafers and other gentleness. The church is open Sundays in the morning and is a beautiful space worthy to visit.
BENALCÁZAR CASA The Benalcázar House is an excellent model of the colonial civil architecture, and the Institute of Hispanic Culture offers gratuitous cultural activities there. Continuing by the Benalcázar street until the Mejía street and advancing on this street a few meters one arrives until the Tourist Information center and Store from the City the Quinde, where regional crafts can be acquired; to ask for information on the city and to obtain pamphlets of the tourist routes of Quito. For a rest nothing better than a good fresh juice of the great variety of national fruits in the Trattoría Patio. This cosy cafeteria offers Italian subjects of gossip in a beautiful inner patio.
Walking by the street Brown Garci'a it is also arrived at the Place of Independence, well-known like Great Place, constructed during century XVI. This glad place is one more of the scenes more important public of Quito and there solemn acts, civic congregations or artistic expressions take place continuously. All these far-reaching events happen frequently in the Great Place, but the visitor does not have the possibility of participating in one of them, can entertain itself with the cotidianidad of the place: the traditional pensioners who meet to chat, candies and mouthfuls that are offered in the surrounding coffees, or the photographers andante with its machines of technology rather retro.
CASA OF AUGUST MARIA URRUTIA How lived the Quito aristocracy in the past century? Which were the styles of decoration and the objects desired by the accumulated families of the time more? A detailed answer to these questions is the residence of Do6na August Maria Urrutia - an Quito aristocratic lady who besides being well-known in her time by her exquisite taste, had a much greater merit: its important social work with diverse projects like infantile dining rooms and popular residential plans that today benefit to hundreds of inhabitants of Quito.
In this house, patrimony of one of the greatest Ecuadorian fortunes, architectonic styles of centuries XIX and XX can be observed, and an endless number of interesting objects of daily use of then. Location: Street Brown Garci'a # 760 between the streets Sucre and Bolivars. Telephones: 2580103/2580107. Schedule of attention: Tuesday to Sunday of 10h00 to 18h00
PLACE DE SAN FRANCISCO When arriving the Spaniards, in century XVI, found that this space was used like market by the native inhabitants of Quito. There franciscan that had come to evangelizar these earth founded the first school for children and young people, with the name of San Andres, for the education of writing and reading in Castilian, song and crafts to natives, poor mestizos and Spaniards. One says that a palace occupied this lot soothes local of the government Inca. On the place the wheat in Quito seeded itself for the first time.
The facade of the Church is of herrerianas, own lines of century XVI. To the ample vestibule it is acceded by three launching slips, most interesting is the power station, of double circular launching slip. One says that its design was taken from a project of Bernini. The contiguous chapels, on the vestibule, correspond to San Buenaventura and the following one to Our Lady of the Dolores, well-known with the name of Cantuña, in memory of Francisco Cantuña a rich native who sponsored his construction.