Salvador was founded on a 1549 on a hill, dominating immense bay, according to the old Portuguese tradition. First capital of the country, the city immediately incorporated other two functions: the one of port of support to the routes of the East and the one of great center of sugar export.
These two activities would go to contribute to the conformation of a racially mixed population of Portuguese and African slaves, mattered on a large scale for the culture of the sugar cane. To these other contingents ethnic, from end of century XIX, giving rise to a culture popular very rich, in which western aspects are mixed, African and, in smaller scale, Eastern were added.
The city of two floors is not less original that this people created. They excelled on the hill the towers of the churches, the masses of buildings public and the great mansions of the gentlemen of the sugar, negreros and exporter.
By the hills the houses of simple people slid. In the port, the markets, exceeded of offices (exceeded = the two more floor or houses, typical of the colonial cities) and houses of the fishermen and sailors.
The first wall was not able to surround all the city for a long time and in century XVI it was already extended to protect the School of the Jesuits, the Franciscan Convent and the district that formed around to his. Extramuros was other two great convents and districts: Carmo, to the north, and São Bento, to the south.
One more of the spaces more representative public of this city it preceded to the Doors of the Carmo, the Pelourinho. The streets that converged in those doors gave rise to a square of triangular form and in declivity, that continued in the slope of the Carmo.
Its name derived from the presence in this space of a stone pillar, symbol in the Metropolis, of justice and municipal autonomy, but that in the Colony would be transformed into discrimination instrument and tortures. This square, that are a place mixture, Mediterranean viewpoint and African terrace, would give its name to which it has been conserved of the historical center of Salvador, declared Patrimony of the Humanity by UNESCO, in 1985.
The discovery of gold and precious stones in the Central Plateau, at the beginning of century XVIII, brought more wealth to the city and many buildings were constructed and others recovered with greater luxury. Of that time they are the majority of the churches of the brotherhoods, with his golden altarpieces and their remarkable collection of images barrocas.
Until the end of century XIX, when the sugar economy entered crisis, the city was conserved intact. In the second decade of this century, the extension of the port of Salvador and his accesses would trigger a process of modernization of South half of the colonial city.
The North part, forgotten mass media, would be conserved intact but initiating a slow process of impoverishment, with the flight of its original inhabitants towards the bourgeois outlying areas. In the Thirties, to the poverty prostitution to this district of the city would be added.
The first measures for the restoration of the district date from 1967, with the creation of a foundation. During the difficult Eighties, the State stopped investing in this area and the district entered an accelerated process of physical and social degradation. But the return of the traditional blessing of São Francisco and the tests and “shows” of musical groups and black coreógrafos, like You Filhos de Gandhi, Olodum and Levada do Pelô, happened to attract great number of popular personages the district, being waked up the attention of other sectors of the society.
As of 1992, the government of the state of Bay initiated a great project of recovery of the district, that included the renovation of its infrastructure and the consolidation and adaptation of its buildings for tourist functions.
The project Recovery of the Historical Center of Salvador is the greater program of this sort realized in the country, with the particularitity of which totally it has been financed by the government of a state. Until half-full of 1996, the state of Bay invested non-refundable near US$ 24 million, without telling the granted financing to the retailers who settled in the district.
With these resources 334 big rambling houses recovered and nine ruins were reconstructed. But this work has involved, also, a high social cost. More than 500 neighbors they had to leave his houses and the new retailers complain the saturation of tourists.
The old inhabitants of the city are making revivir the traditional cultural values and to the new they are discovering them generations. In spite of all the vicissitudes by which there is past, the Pelourinho continues being a celebration of people, color, music and magic.